Cave Geology

The Ricochet Helictite in a marble Tulare County cave. Helictites are hollow with a tiny capillary tube that moves water to the front of the formation where more crystalline stone is deposited. The main section of this one is about the diameter of a pencil lead and 6 inches long. The straighter part of the helictite likely has a larger amount of the mineral aragonite, which tends to encourage the straight growth. Steve Bumgardner

There are many types of caves in California

The varied and complex geology of California makes for a wide variety of caves types formed under different geologic conditions and settings across the state.

What do you mean different kinds of caves?

Caves with stalactites hanging down from the ceiling and stalagmites growing up from the floor are formed in soluble rocks that can be dissolved by water underground. Some caves form by the action of volcanoes. When flowing lava cools above, tunnels can form below, making lava tubes. When large rocks fall into narrow canyons they can land against the walls leaving a space below, making talus caves. Streams can deepen and lengthen these caves over time. California has a rugged coast with many cliffs facing the surf. Sea caves form along these coasts and can be surprisingly long. They are important for ocean life and animals. For information on the different types of caves see this web page: https://nckri.org/caves/types/

Many California caves are cold and wet. This cave, the longest in Trinity County in the Klamath Mountains is both, and this caver is prepared with good boots, gloves and a caving suit. Dave Bunnell